# Simple Python code in Colab

print("Step 1: Write code. Step 2: Debug. Step 3: Cry. Repeat.")

Step 1: Write code. Step 2: Debug. Step 3: Cry. Repeat.

# Printing a message
print("I thought Python was a snake... why am I coding?")

# Indentation defines code blocks
x = 10
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")

I thought Python was a snake... why am I coding?
x is greater than 5

# Variables and Data Types
name = "Chirag"        # String
age = 25               # Integer
height = 5.6           # Float
is_student = True      # Boolean

print(f"Name: {name}, Age: {age}, Height: {height}, Student: {is_student}")

# Comments in Python
# This is a single-line comment

"""
This is a multi-line comment
or docstring
"""

# Python's dynamic typing
x = 10        # x is an integer
x = "hello"   # now x is a string
x = [1, 2, 3] # now x is a list
print("Dynamic typing demo:", x)

Name: Chirag, Age: 25, Height: 5.6, Student: True
Dynamic typing demo: [1, 2, 3]

import cowsay

cowsay.kitty("I am a kitty! not a snake!")

  __________________________
| I am a kitty! not a snake! |
  ==========================
                             \
                              \
                               \
                                \
                                 ("`-'  '-/") .___..--' ' "`-._
                                  ` *_ *  )    `-.   (      ) .`-.__. `)
                                   (_Y_.) ' ._   )   `._` ;  `` -. .-'
                                _.. `--'_..-_/   /--' _ .' ,4
                               ( i l ),-''  ( l i),'  ( ( ! .-'

# Print statement
print("Python: Less hiss, more code.")

# Arithmetic operations
a = 5
b = 3
print("Sum:", a + b)
print("Difference:", a - b)
print("Product:", a * b)
print("Division:", a / b)

Python: Less hiss, more code.
Sum: 8
Difference: 2
Product: 15
Division: 1.6666666666666667

# Getting user input
# name = input("What's your name? ")
# age = input("How old are you? ")
# print(f"Hello {name}! You are {age} years old.")

# Note: Uncomment the above lines to try interactive input

# String operations
message = "Python Programming"
print("Original:", message)
print("Uppercase:", message.upper())
print("Lowercase:", message.lower())
print("Length:", len(message))
print("Replace:", message.replace("Python", "Amazing Python"))

Original: Python Programming
Uppercase: PYTHON PROGRAMMING
Lowercase: python programming
Length: 18
Replace: Amazing Python Programming

# The Zen of Python
import this

The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters

Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!

# Basic Error Handling
try:
    number = int("not_a_number")
except ValueError as e:
    print(f"Oops! That's not a valid number: {e}")

# Better approach
try:
    user_input = "42"  # This would normally be input()
    number = int(user_input)
    result = 100 / number
    print(f"Result: {result}")
except ValueError:
    print("Please enter a valid number!")
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero!")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Something went wrong: {e}")

Oops! That's not a valid number: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'not_a_number'
Result: 2.380952380952381